#Compositions of milk manual#
This connective tissue massage encourages breast health by manual separation of adhesions between the breast base and the major fascia of the pectoral muscles with the aim of helping to restore and maintain natural breast contour and normal breast function. TABLE 1:Ĭharacteristics of lactating mothers The Oketani Method of Breast Massageīreast massage of the lactating mothers in this study was performed following the Oketani method, for which special training and technique are essential ( 2,4). The average age and order of infant birth were not significantly different between the early and late lactating groups. The average order of infant birth was 2.1 in the early lactating group and 1.8 in the late lactating group. The average age of lactating mothers was 31.0 years (range, 28–38 years) in the early lactating group and 32.5 years (range, 21–41 years) in the late lactating group. The early lactating group (n = 20) was defined as from 1 to 90 days after parturition, and the late lactating group (n = 19) as 91 to 320 days after parturition ( Table 1). Thirty-nine breast-feeding mothers participated in this study and were divided into two groups, early lactating group and late lactating group, based on the duration of lactation after delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Characteristics of Lactating Mothers To study the effects of Oketani breast massage on the quality of milk, we examined quantitative differences in the composition of milk obtained from lactating mothers before and after breast massage. It seems, however, that massage may change the milk composition including its content of protein, lipid, saccharide, and trace nutrients. The specific reasons for the beneficial effects on milk from mothers who receive Oketani massage have not been scientifically examined. The Oketani breast massage is a connective tissue massage developed by the midwife Sotomi Oketani ( 4). Proponents have claimed that performing Oketani breast massage before lactation raises the quality of the excreted milk and thereby provides significant growth and developmental benefits to the infant ( 1–3). It is widely recognized that breast-feeding is an important factor in the physical and developmental wellbeing of children, and that it is very important for the mother.
The milk of mothers treated by Oketani breast massage may improve the growth and development of infants. Conclusions:īreast massage improves the quality of human milk by significantly increasing total solids, lipids, and casein concentration and gross energy. Lactose was not significantly changed by breast massage. The gross energy in the late lactating period was significantly increased by breast massage but not in the early lactating period. Breast massage caused a significant increase in total solids from the first day to 11 months post partum. In the early lactating period casein was increased by breast massage but was not significantly affected in the late lactating period.
Results:īreast massage significantly increased lipids in the late lactating period but not in the early lactating period. The gross energy content of milk was estimated. Lipids, whey protein, casein, lactose, ash, and total solids in milk were measured in milk samples. Milk samples were obtained immediately before and after massage from healthy, exclusively breast-feeding Japanese mothers at two different periods of lactation one 3 months after parturition. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the method on the quality of breast milk by determining the chemical composition of the milk before and after massage.
The Oketani method is a program of breast massage and clinical counseling developed by the midwife Satomi Oketani.
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